Innovative everyday companion
Plastic plays a role in our lives like no other material. Whether at home, on the road, at work or while shopping, we are surrounded by plastics – keeping buildings warm, providing soundproofing, making vehicles lighter and keeping food fresh longer. Although some people see plastic as being in conflict with nature, plastics actually help to conserve resources and reduce emissions.
The story of the development of plastics goes back to the Stone Age, when Homo sapiens used birch tar from birchbark to produce tools. In the 19th century, increasing industrialization led to the development of several groundbreaking plastics, such as vulcanized rubber as well as celluloid, which was used as a see-through backing for photographic film. In 1950, BASF filed for a patent for its foam plastic Styropor®, which is still one of the most commonly installed insulation materials today. And in 1957 the “Age of Plastic” was ushered in with the start of large-scale production of polyethylene, which is mainly used in pipes, cable insulation and packaging. The key features of plastics are their technical properties which can be varied significantly according to their molecular composition or by the addition of additives: They can be malleable, elastic, hard or unbreakable.
Plastic-based insulation installed in the walls, floors and roofs of houses makes a major contribution to reducing energy consumption. After all, buildings are responsible for 40% of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Europe. The plastic insulation used in a typical house can save as much energy in one year as was originally used to produce the plastic. The amount of plastic used in aircraft construction has grown considerably since the 1970s. For example, the structure of a Boeing 787 is made up of 50% plastic composite materials. This is mainly because of the weight savings resulting from the use of plastics, which also boast good technical properties and great stability. Likewise, plastics are becoming more and more popular in the automotive sector. A plastic-based component is only around half as heavy as a component from conventional metallic materials, so it helps save fuel.
“Plastic is much too valuable to end up in landfill. The best option for used plastics is to find a new application to reuse them.”
Dr. Melanie Maas-Brunner, Head of BASF’s Performance Materials Europe Unit
The largest field of application for plastics, however, is packaging: These days, 50% of all European goods are packed in plastic. Nevertheless, plastics make up just 17% of all packaging waste. And one major advantage of plastics is the avoidance of food waste: Each year, 1.3 billion tons of food go to waste, equivalent to one-third of all food produced for human consumption. When packed in plastic, food remains fresh for much longer. For example, that way a piece of Parmesan cheese can remain fresh for 50 days rather than 20 days. At the same time, because it weighs less than conventional materials like glass and metal, plastic packaging saves fuel and CO2.
Plastic is therefore much too valuable to end up in landfill. The best option for used plastics is to find a new application to reuse them. When this is not a sustainable option, plastics can be used as a source of energy. In terms of energy recovery, plastic has the same calorific value as the crude oil from which it was once made so it can be thought of in this context as “solid crude”. For this reason, BASF and companies in the European plastics industry support a landfill ban for plastics from the year 2025 on.
