BASF researching CO₂-neutral production of bio-based fumarate using bacteria found in cow stomachs

• BASF coordinating joint research project between universities in Saarland, Marburg and Kaiserslautern
• Bacterium isolated from the rumen of a Holstein cow uses sugar and CO₂ to produce the intermediate fumarate, an important building block in the chemical industry
• CO₂ for the fermentation process comes from off-gas from chemical production plants

With the bacterium Basfia succiniciproducens, BASF would like to transform sugar and carbon dioxide into fumaric acid, an important intermediate for chemical production. To this end, the company is collaborating with Saarland University, University of Marburg and the University of Kaiserslautern-Landau in a joint research project entitled FUMBIO (FUMarsäure BIObasiert). The bacterium, which was isolated in 2008 from the rumen of a Holstein cow, will be genetically modified by researchers so that it produces large quantities of bio-based fumaric acid, also known as fumarate, during fermentation. With this intermediate, BASF can make a wide range of products with a low carbon footprint, including additives for food and animal feed, starting materials for medication, or building blocks for polymers and detergents and formulators.

“Together with our cooperation partners, we are taking a closer look at the fermentation process. We want to optimize it in such a way that the bacteria use renewable raw materials, such as sugar, and carbon dioxide to produce as much fumarate as possible,” says Dr. Barbara Navé, head of the FUMBIO project and responsible for the evaluation and coordination of new white biotechnology projects at BASF. The research project also focuses on the subsequent refinement of fumarate by enzymes – also known as bio-catalysis – into biodegradable industrial products.

Fumaric acid is very common in nature and is an intermediate product in many metabolic processes in humans, animals and plants. In the chemical industry, it has traditionally been produced primarily from fossil-based raw materials, such as crude oil. The FUMBIO research project will measure the CO₂ footprint of fumarate made with biotechnology methods and compare this to petrochemical-based production. The cooperation partners expect the carbon footprint will be significantly lower – or even negative, thanks to the use of CO₂ as a raw material.

White biotechnology increasingly important

The CO₂ that the bacteria will use as a source of carbon, in addition to sugar, in the fermentation process will come from exhaust gas streams at chemical production plants. “Carbon dioxide is an important raw material for us in the chemical industry,” Navé explains. “If we recycle CO₂ from industrial off-gas, this will help us to reduce emissions of this greenhouse gas and achieve our climate targets by 2050.”

Biotechnology processes, such as fermentation, in which microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi use CO₂ as a building block for metabolic products, will also become increasingly important for the chemical industry in the future. “White biotechnology is an important tool that will enable us to offer our customers a wider range of bio-based products with a low carbon footprint.”

The FUMBIO project receives financial support from Germany’s Federal Ministry for Education and Research. In total, the Ministry is providing around €2.6 million to the project partners.

About BASF

At BASF, we create chemistry for a sustainable future. We combine economic success with environmental protection and social responsibility. Around 112,000 employees in the BASF Group contribute to the success of our customers in nearly all sectors and almost every country in the world. Our portfolio comprises six segments: Chemicals, Materials, Industrial Solutions, Surface Technologies, Nutrition & Care and Agricultural Solutions. BASF generated sales of €68.9 billion in 2023. BASF shares are traded on the stock exchange in Frankfurt (BAS) and as American Depositary Receipts (BASFY) in the United States. Further information at www.basf.com.

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